Towards patient‐centered packaging design: An industry perspective on processes,functions, and constraints

Medication packaging is essential to provide patients with guidance and correct use of their medicines for effective treatment. This research aims to increase knowledge about the medication packaging innovation process and its uptake towards patient‐centered packaging design. The study applied a qualitative research approach based on data from 25 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders involved in medication packaging design. The empirical data analysis revealed four themes that can improve and advance user‐centered packaging design: medication packaging innovation process, medication packaging functions and features, medication packaging design constraints, and patient‐centered medication packaging design. The findings suggest that medication packaging design is strongly affected by an emphasis on protective and safety packaging functions rather than on patients' needs. Packaging innovation usually is constrained by rigid incremental development processes, where compliance with regulations, extensive documentation, avoidance of manufacturing complexity, and considerations on cost prevail. These findings are discussed in relation to the three most evident trade‐offs for patient‐centered design: protection versus openability, utility versus cost, and complexity of manufacturability versus complexity of use. This research contributes with valuable input and additional evidence about the necessary shift to a user‐centered approach in a field that has not been design driven. This input complements previous research and provides an opportunity for industry decision makers and policy makers to lead patient‐centered packaging design that can benefit patients and relieve overloaded health care systems.     

[制造前沿]创新·强基·智能——建设制造强国

世界工业发达国家美、德、英等国“重振制造业”的发展战略均将智能制造作为发展趋势。我国制造业总体而言，大而不强。我国已是世界制造第一大国，但创新能力弱、缺乏关键核心及共性技术。我国《制造强国发展战略》聚焦“五大工程”，其中将智能制造作为主攻方向，而“五大工程”是相互联系和相互支持的。数字化设计与制造是智能制造关键共性技术，而建模与仿真是数字化设计与制造的科学基础。要全面实施智能制造，建成制造强国，任重而道远。     

新课改背景下高校艺术设计专业风景写生实践教学策略

新课程改革背景下,实践教学是高校课程中不可或缺的环节。"风景写生"作为高校艺术设计专业实践教学的重要组成部分,其意义在于使学生深入生活,积累设计素材,提升手绘实践技能,提高知识应用转化能力,从而构建全面艺术素养。文章立足教学实际、结合当前高校风景写生课程整体开展状况,本着实事求是的研究态度对风景写生实践教学组织与管理进行系统化梳理,探讨"风景写生"实践教学问题与对策,力求形成一篇较为全面的实践教学理论文案。     

“互联网+”背景下的高校图书馆服务创新与转型发展研究

文章主要依据我国高校图书馆服务的发展情况,分析了"互联网+"环境下,高校图书馆服务创新与转型的重要意义,提出了目前高校图书馆服务中所存在的问题,并针对这些问题给出了一系列有针对性的方案。     

What do stakeholders think about knowledge transfer offices? The perspective of firms and research groups in a regional innovation system

Knowledge transfer offices (KTOs) are required to adopt a comprehensive approach to managing a broad set of channels of university–industry collaboration, including collaborative research, business services, exchange of human resources and informal relations within a regional innovation system. The perspectives of firms and academic researchers, the main stakeholders of KTOs, are useful complements to assess KTO activity. The goal of this article is to study the effectiveness that these stakeholders attribute to KTOs. Based on survey data collected in the Spanish region of Andalusia, the article explores stakeholders’ perceptions and determinants. The results show that the level of engagement in a diversified range of activities and the importance attributed to knowledge transfer in the strategy of both research groups and firms are the best predictors of the perceived effectiveness of KTOs. The article also underlines specific differences between the two types of stakeholders.     

Leveraging diverse knowledge sources through proactive behaviour: How companies can use inter‐organizational networks for business model innovation

The relevance of business model innovation (BMI) for strategic renewal and competitive advantage has been increasingly recognized by both strategy scholars and managers. In this paper, we explore how inter‐organizational networks and firms' proactiveness influence BMI. By examining Dutch design companies, we show that having a network of companies with different sizes has a positive effect on BMI. We also observe a positive effect of ties change. Finally, we show the importance of firms' proactiveness. Through the discussion of network elements and proactiveness as antecedents of BMI, we contribute to the business model and social network literature.     

Gender and support for creativity at work

Although innovation is vital for the success of organizations, many may not be capitalizing on the creativity of all workers. Gender bias in attributions of creativity may lead to an imbalance in the extent to which organizations support the creativity of men and women. Because organizational support for creativity is positively associated with creative outcomes, this may undermine the creativity of women in the workplace. To determine if gender influences creative workplace behavior through support for creativity, conditional process models were used to analyze the survey responses and external employment data of workers (N = 14,590) across industries in the US. Our analyses demonstrate that men report greater support for creativity in the workplace than women, and greater support for workplace creativity leads to more frequent creative workplace behaviors. The proportion of women employed in an industry influences this relationship, such that differences between men and women become smaller as the proportion of women in an industry increases. However, the level of creativity required in an occupation does not influence the relationship between gender and creativity. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.     

基于项目的电类课程过程性考核模式的探索与应用

目前高等学校的考核方式存在一定的弊端:考试内容中记忆成分占比较大、考试形式单一、一次考试定成绩、考试反馈不够等等,因此应该加大过程性考核的比例,增加平时成绩的占比,注重学习过程中对知识的积累,针对电类课程特点,课程具有实践性、工程性、创新性,因此探索基于项目的过程性考核方式,促进以学为中心的教学方式,克服教师的满堂灌的现象,提高学生的创新实践能力。     

中国罕见病研究的现状与未来

罕见病是人类社会发展的沉重负担,对罕见病进行深入研究具有重要的社会意义和科学价值。中国人口基数巨大,为罕见病研究提供了广阔资源,同时也带来了巨大挑战。既往中国在罕见病领域取得了众多成就,同时也面临着研究力量分散、资源整合缺乏等问题。随着政府部门、学术机构、研究团体及个人对罕见病研究的重视及参与,中国罕见病研究正朝着协作、创新方向发展。未来的中国罕见病研究将从多个方面推进,为中国及世界应对罕见病挑战作出贡献。